Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) is a neurological disorder caused by a deficiency of vitamin B1 (thiamine) in the brain.

Wernicke's encephalopathy is the acute phase of the syndrome and has three signs: confusion, problems with balance especially when walking, and eye problems. It is a medical emergency and can be fatal if left untreated.

Korsakoff's psychosis is the chronic phase of the syndrome and is characterized by severe memory impairment and confabulation (making up stories to fill gaps in memory). Individuals with Korsakoff's psychosis may also have difficulty with learning new information and may have trouble with coordination and balance.

WKS is most commonly seen in individuals with alcohol use disorder, because alcohol affects the absorption and use of thiamine in the body. However, it can also occur in individuals with other conditions that interfere with thiamine absorption, such as chronic vomiting, gastrointestinal surgery, and some rare genetic disorders.

Diagnosis of WKS involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests to measure thiamine levels. Brain imaging may also be used to assess for structural abnormalities. Treatment involves urgent administration of high doses of thiamine, usually via injection, in addition to thiamine supplementation.

Individuals with WKS due to alcohol use disorder require treatment and rehabilitation. This may also help individuals with Korsakoff's psychosis manage their memory impairment and develop compensatory strategies.

Prevention of WKS involves maintaining a healthy diet that includes foods rich in thiamine, such as whole grains, nuts, and legumes. Individuals with alcohol use disorder should seek treatment to reduce the risk of developing WKS.

In summary, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is a disorder of the brain that effects on an individual's memory, thinking and motor function. It is caused by a deficiency of thiamine in the brain and is most commonly seen in individuals with alcohol use disorder. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent progression of the syndrome and improve outcomes.